Swartwout was a land speculator and New York merchant. He was born in New York in 1783, and he and his brother were associated with Aaron Burr and the conspiracy to take lands in the southwest and set up a new country. He was arrested and convicted but acquitted of treason in the Supreme Court. He engaged in many different business enterprises, including partnering with James Morgan to create the New Washinton Association to speculate in Texas lands. Swartwout was named the customs collector for New York, and in that position, he helped Texas in the fight for independence, providing funds, organizing meetings in New York with Texas officials, and saving the two ships of the Texas Navy, the Brutus and the Invincible, by paying for their repairs with his own funds. After he resigned his post in customs, he was accused, perhaps unfairly, of embezzling funds from the Customs House. He settled the account in 1841 and avoided prosecution. He died in 1856.